Note: the article was posted about 4 months ago. (Oct 2015)
One apparent consequence of all-remote working for Buffer is that having all the employees meet in real life is incredibly expensive and logistically complex: https://open.buffer.com/remote-work-retreats/
It's a completely optional cost, though, not a hidden cost. Plus it sounds like they allowed everyone to bring their partners and families, too. And, most companies that have physical offices also have corporate retreats or events, so it's not even really exclusive to companies that work remotely.
But they were never renting office space for their entire staff. If you really wanted to compare apples to apples (i.e., "Should everyone have an office payed for by the company" or "Should we have an annual retreat for the whole company"), a bit more analysis is needed.
Breaking down costs like that (per end user payment) is awesome; I'd never thought of doing that. (It's not very accurate in a lot of businesses, but it's an interesting way to think about things, so it's a useful tool.)
One apparent consequence of all-remote working for Buffer is that having all the employees meet in real life is incredibly expensive and logistically complex: https://open.buffer.com/remote-work-retreats/