The most convenient way is to probably to use a compiler builtin https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Integer-Overflow-Builtins..., if you want to be portable the next easiest way is to use a wide enough type (e.g. add or multiply two 32 bit numbers to a 64 bit one and verify it is inside [INT_MIN, INT_MAX]). Otherwise, you can either do a pre-condition check (for addition overflow occurs if a > 0 && b > 0 && a > INT_MAX-b || a < 0 && b < 0 && a < INT_MIN-b) or work with unsigned integers and check for wraparound after the operation. Finally, both clang and gcc have options to check for signed integer overflow at runtime (-fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow for gcc).
Of course, in practice this is too much effort for most people most of the time, so actual deployed C and C++ code is full of undefined behavior due to integer overflow. This paper has a great overview:
Of course, in practice this is too much effort for most people most of the time, so actual deployed C and C++ code is full of undefined behavior due to integer overflow. This paper has a great overview:
https://wdtz.org/files/tosem15.pdf