Bit of a nitpick, but the standard APRS frequency in North America is 144.390MHz, well above the "shortwave" bands (granted, it's still "radio in general").
"Shortwave" just refers to a range of frequencies (which, counter intuitively, are on the longer end of the wavelength spectrum). It's generally used to refer to the 3-30 MHz range.
Ham (amateur) radio is a pretty wide range of radio activities performed by folks who have passed an exam and received a license to transmit using various modes on various frequencies (there are a few different licensing levels that grant different privileges). Activities include everything from talking to other hams in your local area using a VHF/UHF handheld radio (often via a repeater), to long range voice or "morse code" communication over hundreds (or thousands) of miles using the "shortwave" bands, to very long range (and very low bandwidth) modes like FT8 (Ever wanted to send 12 bytes to someone on the other side of the world? With FT8, you can!)
Shortwave refers to a band of frequencies with particular characteristics. Ham refers to radio bands allocated to amateur radio. There are shortwave frequencies that hams can’t operate on and there are frequencies outside of shortwave that amateurs can operate on.
