> to turn off the engine at every stop, and starting a vehicle is fuel intensive in an ICE vehicle
This is backwards. The whole point of these systems is that it costs more in fuel at idle than it does to stop and restart.
Lots of "pure" ICE cars have this now with some smarts about operating temperature, battery etc.
Idling was worse on carbs, sure, but even with injectors your fundamental problem is you don't have enough airflow, and you counteract that by richening the mix so you don't stall.
This is backwards. The whole point of these systems is that it costs more in fuel at idle than it does to stop and restart.
Lots of "pure" ICE cars have this now with some smarts about operating temperature, battery etc.
Idling was worse on carbs, sure, but even with injectors your fundamental problem is you don't have enough airflow, and you counteract that by richening the mix so you don't stall.