You're right, I don't know of any other company tht does it exactly like Facebook does. Tripadvisor, though, will let a significant portion of their candidates do a 1-year rotation through four different teams, then you get to choose the one you liked best (or potentially a different one if you're sure that's what you want). Not exactly the same, but still a larger than normal investment prior to setting you on a team.
I wonder how they deal with understanding/measuring performance with these short engagements.
(Facebook has a "hackamonth" program which people who have been at the company for 18 months are encouraged to do - work on a new team for a month, and then decide to return, stay, or join a third team.)