It's fairly common to see "do not urinate here" on walls in India. If the paint on the walls is nice, it seems to usually work. If the wall looks shitty, they're ignored. Near my apartment, there's a section of wall that's fairly well-hidden from the main street; people urinate there all day and it always reeks. (It's a corner of the outer wall of one of central Bangalore's nicest high-rise condo's). But the nicer stretches of that wall, and others in my area, are always devoid of urine.
Open defecation doesn't happen when people have access to (ideally free) toilets. Nobody likes doing that and I can't imagine shaming them will help anyone.
Thanks for pointing that out; it was wrong of me to make such a bold, absolute assertion, especially without data. It's certainly worth clarifying that I wouldn't expect 100% efficacy from anything involving cultural change; of course it still happens.
And also worth mentioning that the available latrines have to be welcome, clean, and comfortable; at least, better to use than the open-air alternative. Many public latrines are rather less pleasant than a patch of dirt behind a bush.
Open defecation doesn't happen when people have access to (ideally free) toilets. Nobody likes doing that and I can't imagine shaming them will help anyone.